Geneva, Switzerland// — In eastern Chad, near the border with Sudan, more than 117,000 refugees live in the Ouré-Cassoni camp. As new families continue to arrive after fleeing the war in Sudan, needs are increasing while humanitarian funding is declining.
Sadia knows Ouré-Cassoni from the inside
Sadia arrived in Ouré-Cassoni with her family after fleeing violence in Sudan. Today, she works in the camp as a health promoter with MSF.
“I arrived here as a refugee and today I work with other refugees,” says Sadia. “I know what it means to wonder what tomorrow will bring.”
Ouré-Cassoni is located in a remote region of Ennedi-Est, in north-eastern Chad. Its isolation makes access to services and the delivery of aid more difficult. Since the war in Sudan began in April 2023, the camp has experienced several waves of arrivals.
More than 60,000 people arrived in May 2025 following the fall of Zamzam camp, in North Darfur state. Following the takeover of El-Fasher, more than 21,000 new arrivals were registered between October 2025 and August 2026. MSF teams continue to observe daily arrivals from Sudan.
The camp is therefore growing, but the resources allocated to the humanitarian response do not follow the same trajectory.
When food assistance is reduced
For families in Ouré-Cassoni, the insufficiency of food is very real, it means not having enough to put on the table for their children. Salwa, a mother in the camp, explains.
“There are times when we do not know what we will feed our children the next day,” she says. “When distributions are reduced, we have to make do with very little.”
MSF teams are also seeing an increase in malnutrition among the children screened. Between 2025 and 2026, severe acute malnutrition increased from 2.2 per cent to 3.4 per cent, while moderate acute malnutrition increased from 10 to 13 per cent.
Behind these percentages are children arriving at health facilities in need of nutritional support, and parents trying every day to find ways to feed their families. The reduction in food assistance adds further pressure. This situation forces families to make difficult choices.
“Before, we could at least rely on distributions to help us feed the children,” says Salwa. “Now, we have to do more with what we have. When there is not enough food, the whole family suffers.”
Two litres of water a day
Water is another urgent concern. In Ouré-Cassoni, only around two litres of water is available per person per day, far below the 15 to 20 litres generally recommended in emergency situations.
Getting this water to families requires a complex chain: pumping it from the lake, treating it, checking its quality, transporting it, and distributing it across the different areas of the camp. For MSF, this shows what funding makes possible – or no longer makes possible – in concrete terms on the ground. Reduced funding translates into less clean water being provided to people in the camp.
In July, more than 14 per cent of consultations carried out by MSF in the camp concerned cases of non-bloody diarrhoea. Although a lack of clean drinking water is not the only cause, it is certainly among the causing factors.
“When we talk about humanitarian funding, we also need to think about very concrete needs: keeping pumps running, treating water and making sure it reaches families in sufficient quantities and on a regular basis,” says Joshua Ayuba Mpato, MSF project coordinator in Ouré-Cassoni.
“For people living in Ouré-Cassoni, access to safe water in sufficient quantities is not a luxury: it is a basic necessity for their health and dignity,” he says.
A precarious roof and difficult access to healthcare
After food and water, shelter is one of the main needs identified by communities. Thousands of families have to improvise homes using whatever materials they can find, often in conditions that provide limited protection.
These living conditions also have consequences for health. Respiratory infections, particularly those associated with precarious housing conditions, account for more than 30 per cent of MSF consultations across different areas of the camp and among all age groups.
However, Ouré-Cassoni has only one health centre, and specialist healthcare is not directly available within the camp. People requiring specialist care must be referred to other facilities, where only critical cases are supported financially.
Dire living conditions and lack of assistance also translate into increased risks for women and girls, who are forced to leave the camp to collect water and firewood. Between January and July 2026, MSF teams provided care to 91 victims and survivors of sexual violence in Ouré-Cassoni. Although it is not possible to determine how much of this violence took place in Chad after people fled Sudan, going outside the camp exposes women to an increased risk of violence.
A huge camp, a shrinking response
It is against this backdrop that the question of Ouré-Cassoni’s place in the humanitarian response arises. Ouré-Cassoni was not included in the priority areas outlined in the 2026 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan for Chad. For MSF, the contrast is concerning. Needs are increasing at the very time that available resources are decreasing.
“Ouré-Cassoni must be a priority for donors,” says Ayuba Mpato. “We are talking about more than 117,000 people, with considerable needs, and new arrivals every day. The situation we are seeing here is not sustainable. Needs are increasing, but resources are not keeping pace. Without an urgent increase in assistance, the gap between people’s needs and the humanitarian response will only continue to widen.”
In Ouré-Cassoni, the consequences of reductions in aid are therefore not abstract. They are felt in the meals families are able to provide, in the amount of water available, in precarious shelters, and in inaccessible healthcare.
For MSF, the scale and urgency of the needs in Ouré-Cassoni fully justify prioritisation of the camp in the humanitarian response in Chad.
